Wokół depresji i zachowań suicydalnych dzieci i młodzieży – wybrane aspekty i badania

W artykule przedstawiono problem depresji i zachowań suicydalnych dzieci i młodzieży. Na podstawie przeglądu wielu badań i statystyk zauważa się, że problem ten eskaluje. W tekście zwrócono uwagę m.in. na uwarunkowania, skalę i symptomy zaburzeń depresyjnych, wskazując na najbardziej destrukcyjne skutki depresji, jakimi są zachowania suicydalne (samobójstwa) podejmowane przez małoletnich. Tekst kończy podsumowanie i wnioski zawierające propozycje zmian i udoskonaleń w profilaktyce.The article presents the problem of depression and suicidal behavior among children and youth. On the basis of the review of many research studies and statistical data, it is observed that this problem is escalating. Among other things, the text also underlines the conditions, the range, and the symptoms of depressive behavior, with an emphasis on the most destructive effects of depression – suicidal behavior and suicide in children and youth

THE PROBLEM OF ALCOHOL ABUSE IN THE FAMILY AND LOW ECONOMIC STATUS AS DETERMINANTS OF YOUTH RISK BEHAVIOR

Objectives: The text presents research on the impact of alcohol problems occurring in the family on the manifestations of youth's risk behavior. Methods: The study was conducted among Polish youth attending junior and senior high schools, as well as their parents. In total, 150 people participated in the study. The study was conducted on the basis of the questionnaire addressed to parents, elaborated by us and the Social Maladjustment Scale developed by Lesław Pytka, addressed to young people. The aim of the study was to find out whether the problem of alcohol abuse observed in at least one parent/guardian and - resulting from that - low economic status of the family determine the risk behavior of young people. The study focused to these risky behaviors that are most often manifested by young people, i.e. physical aggression, verbal aggression, alcohol consumption, truancy and excessive sexual behavior. In order to perform statistical analysis, the IBM SPSS statistical program was used. Results: the study confirmed out suppositions that alcohol abuse in the family has a significant impact on the manifestations of adolescent risk behaviors, but this significance has not been fully confirmed for all variables. However, the low economic status of the family only determines selected risk behavior of young people.

Polimorficzne wymiary profilaktyki depresji i zachowań suicydalnych dzieci i młodzieży – przegląd wybranych badań i programów

Depression, which is the main cause of suicidal behaviors, is becoming a serious social problem today, linked to approximately 90% of suicide cases. Current statistics and research indicate that the problem is escalating, affecting children, adolescents and adults. The complexity and multidimensionality of the determinants of depression and suicidal behavior require not only careful analysis, but, above all, the creation and implementation of effective prevention measures. The focus of the article, therefore, is on how to prevent depression and suicidal behavior in children and adolescents. On the basis of a careful review of current statistics and research on the subject, the paper offers original ideas on how to improve the existing preventive measures and lists some of the prevention programs which have been implemented in Poland and abroad. The effectiveness of these programs, as the author makes clear, depends on a variety of factors.Depresja, będąca głównym podłożem zachowań suicydalnych, współcześnie staje się problemem społecznym (około 90% przypadków samobójstw jest powiązanych z depresją). Aktualne statystyki i badania wskazują, że problem ten eskaluje, dotyczy zarówno dzieci i młodzieży, jak i osób dorosłych. Złożoność i wielowymiarowość czynników warunkujących depresję i zachowania suicydalne wymaga dokładnego przeanalizowania, a przede wszystkim skutecznej profilaktyki i jej realizowania. Kluczowe zagadnienie tekstu stanowi działanie profilaktyczne w zakresie depresji i zachowań suicydalnych dzieci i młodzieży. Opierając się na przeglądzie aktualnych (a zarazem ogólnych) statystyk i badań dotyczących tego problemu, przedstawiono autorskie propozycje zmian i udoskonaleń prowadzonej profilaktyki, a także propozycje wybranych programów profilaktyki depresji i zachowań suicydalnych dzieci i młodzieży realizowanych w Polsce oraz za granicą. Wskazano, że skuteczność tych programów zależy od wielu czynników

PARENTAL ATTITUDES OF MOTHERS LIVING IN FAMILIES WITH/WITHOUT THE PROBLEM OF AGGRESSION AND VIOLENCE

The text is based on its empirical foundations; it concerns the parental attitudes assumed by mothers living in families with the problem of aggression and violence and these that do not experience such a problem. The research was conducted among 710 women bringing up children of different ages. The aim of the study was to answer the following question: What parental attitudes towards children are taken by the mothers living in families where there is a problem of aggression and violence, or lack thereof ?. The study used two tools: the scale of family attitudes according to Maria Braun-Gałkowska and the questionnaire of own authorship. The data elements used to develop the obtained results were, among others, Chi² test and Vxy-Cramer coefficients. 

Raising student bilingualism through foreign language (English) teacher professional involvement

The bilingual process is widely observed among many people and many cultures. Out of the many different forms of bilingualism, the form of bilingualism that most often appears is the subsequent one, being the result of learning a second language in school settings. When developing this type of bilingualism, both the language competences of language teachers and the quality of their teaching talent are very important. In order to assess this type of interdependence, a study that focuses on the teachers’ skills and competences, on the one hand, and the impact L2 teachers have on students, on the other hand, was designed. The study involved 50 teachers and 100 students taught by them, all of them attending vocational secondary schools in southern Poland. All participants of the study (i.e. both the teachers and the students) were to answer six verification questions included in the Matura exam 2018. The results obtained during the research indicate the existence of an interdependence between the actual level of proficiency of foreign language (FL) teachers and the final evel of L2 proficiency presented by their students. Generally, the students led by language teachers with a higher overall level of communicative competence showed an overall better command of English in the survey. The bilingual process is widely observed among many people and many cultures. Out of the many different forms of bilingualism, the form of bilingualism that most often appears is the subsequent one, being the result of learning a second language in school settings. When developing this type of bilingualism, both the language competences of language teachers and the quality of their teaching talent are very important. In order to assess this type of interdependence, a study that focuses on the teachers’ skills and competences, on the one hand, and the impact L2 teachers have on students, on the other hand, was designed. The study involved 50 teachers and 100 students taught by them, all of them attending vocational secondary schools in southern Poland. All participants of the study (i.e. both the teachers and the students) were to answer six verification questions included in the Matura exam 2018. The results obtained during the research indicate the existence of an interdependence between the actual level of proficiency of foreign language (FL) teachers and the final evel of L2 proficiency presented by their students. Generally, the students led by language teachers with a higher overall level of communicative competence showed an overall better command of English in the survey.&nbsp

Conflicts with Parents as a Factor Triggering Antisocial Behavior of Young People – Based on Research Conducted among Polish High School Youth and Their Parents

The text presents research on conflicts between young people and their parents/guardians recognized as a trigger for young people’s antisocial behavior. The research was carried out among Polish high school youth (middle and high school) and their parents. In total 150 people participated in the study. The study was based on the author’s questionnaire addressed to parents and the scale of social maladjustment developed by Lesław Pytka, addressed to young people. The aim of the study was to indicate the existence of possible correlation between conflicts of youth with parents/guardians and manifested antisocial behavior. The study referred to those antisocial behaviors that are most often manifested by young people. These are: physical aggression, verbal aggression, alcohol consumption, truancy and atypical forms of sexual behavior. The statistical analysis was based on the IBM SPSS program. General conclusions from the study: conflicts of young people with parents/guardians determine the manifestations of antisocial behavior, but this significance has not been fully confirmed for all assumed variables

Profilaktyka depresji i zachowań suicydalnych dzieci i młodzieży wobec wyzwań codzienności

Depression and suicidal behavior of children and adolescents appear nowadays to become an everyday problem. Numerous statistics-fed researches and studies indicate that this problem is currently being considered to take on a global dimension. The complexity and multidimensionality of factors, recognized as potential determinants of depression and suicidal behavior require careful analysis and design, as well as implementation of proper and effective prophylaxis. Based on the scheme developed by Srikala Bharath and Tejas S. Golhar, the article discusses the activities of preventive interventions relating to four levels: mental health promotion, universal prophylaxis, selective prophylaxis, and indicated prophylaxis. Each of these levels of preventive strategies has been provided with proposals for actions, changes and improvements. It constitutes an important material for the development of prevention, intervention and support strategies by various entities in the field of depression and suicidal behavior of children and adolescents. At the end, original conclusions for pedagogical practice were presented.Depresja i zachowania suicydalne dzieci i młodzieży współcześnie stają się problemem codziennym. Liczne statystyki i badania wskazują, że problem ten zaczyna przybierać wymiar globalny. Złożoność i wielowymiarowość czynników jako uwarunkowań depresji i zachowań suicydalnych wymaga dokładnego przeanalizowania oraz projektowania i realizowania właściwej i skutecznej profilaktyki. Na podstawie schematu opracowanego przez Srikalę Bharatha i Tejasa S. Golhara w niniejszym artykule omówiono działania interwencji profilaktycznych odnoszące się do czterech poziomów: promocji zdrowia psychicznego, profilaktyki uniwersalnej, profilaktyki selektywnej oraz profilaktyki wskazującej. Każdy z tych poziomów strategii profilaktycznych został zaopatrzony w propozycje działań, zmian i udoskonaleń. Jest to ważny materiał, mogący posłużyć do opracowania przez różne podmioty strategii profilaktyczno-interwencyjno-pomocowych w zakresie depresji i zachowań suicydalnych dzieci i młodzieży. W zakończeniu przedstawiono autorskie wnioski dla praktyki pedagogicznej

Life Situation of People addicted to Alcohol and Their Expectations in Terms of Help and Support based on Interviews with the so-called “Non-Alcoholics”

The author analyses the life situation of alcohol-dependent people. It draws attention to health, professional, material, housing and also family issues. Analyses the extent of their expectations in the area of assistance and support. The research tool used in the study was an individual in-depth (qualitative) interview, which was conducted with twenty alcohol addicts (fourteen men and six women). The subjects were aged 25-55. The interviews show that the interviewees experience many problems, disorders and dysfunctions in all indicated areas of life situations (health, work, material, housing, family) and expect specialist help and support in the process of recovery and maintaining abstinence, as well as financial support, help in finding work, improving of housing conditions (some of them even need to find housing) and rebuild proper relations with loved ones. It concludes with conclusions and recommendations for practice

Preeclampsia – long-term effects on mother and child

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication that affects 5% to 8% of all pregnancies. It is a leading cause of maternal mortality that contributes annually more than 60,000 maternal deaths all over the world. Data submitted so far by clinicians are still insufficient to completely understand the disease. Despite many researches, the prediction of patients suffering from PE remains difficult. Moreover therapeutic methods are also limited and concentrated on symptomatic treatment and early termination of pregnancy. The  aim  of  the  presented  article  is  to  review  current research on the PE and its long-term effects on mother and child. PE is defined as a hypertension developing after 20 weeks of gestation with at least one of the following symptoms: proteinuria, maternal organ dysfunction or foetal growth restriction. Because initially patients may be completely asymptomatic, the diagnosis is usually difficult. Untreated PE may lead to the death of both mother and neonate. In later life it predisposes woman and child to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Maternal consequences are related to increased risk of hypertension, stroke, thrombosis or chronic kidney disease, whilst offspring implications are directly correlated with hypertension, increased body mass index, hormonal changes and reductions in cognitive functions. In the future there is a need to develop more effective diagnostic methods of PE. Comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology would allow to avoid many negative long-term effects and reduce its mortality rate

Sale of agricultural land in the coastal strip on the example of selected municipalities of the Kamieński and Gryfice districts

PURPOSE: The aim of the article was to present changes in the amount of agricultural land sold in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship. Moreover, it was presented at what the prices of agricultural land were in particular years. The article presents prices and sales volumes of agricultural land in selected municipalities of the coastal belt. The following coastal municipalities of Kamień Pomorski and Gryfice districts were selected for the study: Dziwnów, Rewal, Trzebiatów, Kamień Pomorski and Wolin.APPROACH/METHODOLOGY/DESIGN: The publication uses data from the Registers of Prices and Values of Real Estate maintained by individual county offices. Additionally, the number of transactions as well as the unit price of agricultural land were obtained from reports of the Agricultural Property Agency as well as the National Agricultural Support Centre.FINDINGS: On the basis of the research carried out, it should be noted that the mere fact that agricultural land is located in the coastal zone means that it is usually valued higher, with the specific location, i.e. the distance from the sea, being very important. At the same time, the possibility of using them for other purposes, such as recreation or development, is important.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The prepared publication should be regarded as an introduction to further in-depth research on the sale of agricultural land in Poland.peer-reviewe